Sui explained that public keys disclosed on the blockchain, unlike those in general information systems, are permanently exposed as soon as a transaction occurs, thus facing greater security risks in the era of quantum computers. While there are no current issues, if quantum computers capable of running Shor's algorithm emerge in the future, attacks that recover private keys using public keys could become possible. Sui explained that the risk has already begun, especially since attackers could simply collect public keys from now on and use future quantum computers to steal assets. Google Quantum AI also predicted that such attacks could be possible within minutes on error-corrected quantum computers with fewer than 500,000 physical qubits. Sui emphasized that its network is designed with cryptographic agility, allowing new quantum-resistant digital signature schemes to be implemented without altering the existing consensus structure, thereby enabling it to respond to the era of quantum computers without network reconstruction.
